Born and raised in England, Israel Zangwill (1864-1926) was a prominent author and Zionist. He published a series of ghetto novels in which the characters are torn between the familiarity of the ghetto and the allure of the outside world a reflection of Zangwill's own personal conflict. Disenchanted with mainstream Zionism, Zangwill founded the Jewish Territorialism Organization, which proposed that land for Jewish settlement could be obtained anywhere, not solely Palestine. Leopold Pilichowski, a Polish Jewish painter, is known for his portraits of seminal figures.