This diptych photograph is Horst Hoheisel's proposal for a Holocaust memorial in Berlin. The proposal was submitted to a jury appointed by the Bundestag, the Berlin Senate, and a citizens group. Even though it was not chosen, the idea is thought provoking and a radical concept. The Brandenberg Gate had been a symbol of power for German Kaisers, for Napoleon, and for Hitler. In the wake of the dismantled of the Berlin Wall, it came to represent the newly reunited Germany. Hoheisel's idea was to destroy the Brandenberg Gate. The remaining dust and emptiness would become the Holocaust memorial. His self-conscious violation of Berlin's historical architecture was rejected. Hoheisel's sculpture and installations, with their reference to lost and missing histories, have come to be known as "counter-monuments." This term was coined by historian James Young to refer to a new kind of monument that challenges the notions of historical memory and permanence.